Serverless,也就是无服务器,什么是无服务器,和服务器有什么关系,为什么需要Serverless,怎么使用Serverless,这些问题将是本篇文章得到答案。在本篇文章中会简单介绍Serverless的基础概念和利用Serverless快速搭建Spring Boot应用。
1. 什么是无服务器 (Serverless)
1.1 基础概念
现在正常的开发发布流程是首先编码,然后把代码打包成镜像,服务器拉取最新镜像重启更新,我们不仅需要编码,还需要考虑服务器的部署,应用日志,扩容,负载均衡等等,那么有没有什么新的架构能帮助我们省去运维,让开发只关心编码,测试,这就是Serverless。
Serverless(无服务器架构)指的是服务端逻辑由开发者实现,运行在无状态的计算容器中,由事件驱动, 服务器完全被第三方管理,而业务层面的状态则记录在数据库或存储资源中。
用一句话说,就是让开发者只需要关注业务实现,不必要关心与业务无关的东西,比如考虑如何部署到云端,不需要关心扩容,不需要关心运维,这一切东西全部交给提供Serverless的云服务提供商。
与IaaS的区别是,在IaaS中,用户需要提前购买好服务器,并且在请求高的时候提高资源,在请求低的时候减少资源,在没有请求的时候,容器依然就绪等待请求。
Serverless不需要提前购买服务资源,只在需求时启动,在事件触发时分配资源,当没有事件触发时就会关闭容器,等待下一次触发。那么开发者需要做的就是用代码实现业务,然后把代码打包上传到云服务提供商就结束了,剩下的运维全部交给提供商。
1.2 优缺点
首先,我们看看Serverless有哪些缺点:
冷启动。Serverless 也是在容器中运行应用的。当某个请求传入时,会首先检查是否有正在运行的容器,如果没有正在运行的容器,就会启动一个新的容器去运行应用,这个就是冷启动。既然需要启动新的容器,那么响应的时间就不会那么快。
切换成本高。由于使用的是云服务商提供的服务,当我们需要更改服务商的时候,成本就会非常高,因为每一家的规范都不相同。
不灵活。与方便对应的就是不灵活,因为我们所以的运维都交给了提供商,那么我们就不能控制服务器或者优化服务器达到我们的目的。
再来看看优点:
提高开发效率,这个在前面已经说过多次,就不再赘述。
降低运维成本,不需要管理服务器,只需要为运行时间付费即可。
1.3 适用场景
既然有这些优缺点,那么哪些场景适合使用Serverless呢?
比如实时文件处理,数据ETL,无服务器移动后端,音视频分析等场景。
1.4 Serverless产品
AWS Lanmbda:支持文件处理,流处理,Web应用程序,IoT后端,移动后端。
Cloud Functions:支持与第三方服务及API集成,无服务器移动后端,服务器IoT后端,文件处理,视频和图片分析,情感分析。
阿里云函数计算:具有丰富的触发器类型,支持多种编程语言,有非常便捷的开发工具进行调试部署,还有丰富的计算类型
腾讯云 Serverless:拥有简化配置,方便运维,一站式开发等特点,支持基于云函数的命令行开发工具,传统应用框架的快速迁移等场景。
下面我们将使用阿里云的函数计算实际部署Spring Boot应用。
2. 快速搭建Spring Boot应用
阿里云的函数计算是事件驱动的全托管计算服务。使用函数计算,您无需采购与管理服务器等基础设施,只需编写并上传代码。函数计算为您准备好计算资源,弹性地、可靠地运行任务,并提供日志查询、性能监控和报警等功能。
2.1 开发流程
函数计算工作流程如下图所示:
开发者使用编程语言编码代码,目前函数计算支持的编程语言:Java,PHP,Go,Python,Node.js等语言。
开发者上传代码到函数计算,可以通过函数计算控制台,Funcraft,Serverless Devs,API或SDK等方式上传代码。
触发函数执行,因为Serverless是事件驱动,所以需要通过HTTP请求,OSS、API网关等方式触发。
2.2 快速部署
在这里我们通过Serverless Devs管理函数。
FC组件和ROS组件都是函数计算团队基于Serverless Devs为您提供的组件,FC组件和ROS组件是用于支持阿里云Serverless应用全生命周期的工具。该组件是Funcraft的进阶版本,和Funcraft的行为描述类似,Funcraft是通过资源配置文件template.yml协助您实现开发、构建、部署等操作的,FC组件和ROS组件则是通过资源配置文件即YAML文件,帮助您快速开发、构建、测试和将应用部署到函数计算。
2.2.1 安装Serverless Devs
可以通过包管理器(npm,yarn)和脚本安装安装。这里我们通过npm安装:
复制 npm install @serverless-devs/s -g
执行完成之后,通过命令s -v
验证是否安装成功:
复制 ~ s -v
@serverless-devs/s: 2.0.92, darwin-x64, node-v12.18.3
2.2.2 配置Serverless Devs
在使用前,我们需要先进行配置,在终端中执行s config add
,根据提示输入Account ID
、Access Key Id
、Secret Access Key
、 aliasName
即可。
复制 ~ s config add
? Please select a template: Alibaba Cloud ( alibaba )
🧭 Refer to the document for alibaba key: http://config.devsapp.net/account/alibaba
? AccountID 1831277402 *****
? AccessKeyID LTAIkC5X *****
? AccessKeySecret ZMbINFFtAUlWPykcI51U ******
? Please create alias for key pair. If not, please enter to skip default
Alias: default
AccountID: 1831277402******
AccessKeyID: LTAIkC5X******
AccessKeySecret: ZMbINFFtAUlWPykcI51U*******
Configuration successful
2.2.3 创建Spring Boot项目
在目标目录下执行命令s init devsapp/start-springboot -d projectName
初始化项目:
复制 ➜ Project s init devsapp/start-springboot -d serverlessSpringboot
🚀 Serverless Awesome: https://github.com/Serverless-Devs/package-awesome
✔ file decompression completed
? please select credential alias default
_____ _ ______ _
/ ___ | ( _ ) | ___ \ | |
\ ` --. _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ | | _/ / ___ ___ | | _
` --. \ '_ \| ' __ | | '_ \ / _` | ___ \/ _ \ / _ \| __|
/\__/ / |_) | | | | | | | (_| | |_/ / (_) | (_) | |_
\____/| .__/|_| |_|_| |_|\__, \____/ \___/ \___/ \__|
| | __/ |
|_| |___/
Welcome to the start-springboot application
This application requires to open these services:
FC : https://fc.console.aliyun.com/
ACR: https://cr.console.aliyun.com/
This application can help you quickly deploy the SpringBoot project:
Full yaml configuration : https://github.com/devsapp/sprintboot#%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4yaml
SpringBoot development docs: https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot/
This application homepage: https://github.com/devsapp/start-springboot
🏄 Thanks for using Serverless-Devs
👉 You could [cd /Users/dcs/Project/serverlessSpringboot] and enjoy your serverless journey!
🧭️ If you need help for this example, you can use [s -h] after you enter folder.
💞 Document ❤ Star:https://github.com/Serverless-Devs/Serverless-Devs
进入项目目录执行s deploy
部署项目到函数计算,需要开通NAS ,并创建通用型NAS文件系统。
阿里云函数计算支持与NAS无缝集成。这使您的函数可以像访问本地文件系统一样访问存储在其中一个NAS文件系统上的文件。您所要做的是在服务上配置NAS,其中包括NAS的地域、挂载点、分组等信息。配置成功后,该服务下的函数就可以像访问本地文件系统一样访问指定的NAS文件系统。
复制 ➜ serverlessSpringboot s deploy
[2021-10-30T21:18:13.963] [INFO ] [S-CLI] - Start ...
📎 Using web framework type: nas, If you want to deploy with container, you can [s cli fc-default set web-framework container] to switch.
[2021-10-30T21:18:14.222] [INFO ] [WEB-FRAMEWORK] - The configuration of the domain name is not detected, and a temporary domain name is generated.
[2021-10-30T21:18:16.653] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using region: cn-hangzhou
[2021-10-30T21:18:16.654] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using access alias: default
[2021-10-30T21:18:16.654] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using accessKeyID: *********** Udxi
[2021-10-30T21:18:16.654] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using accessKeySecret: *********** 1BwC
📎 Using fc deploy type: sdk, If you want to deploy with pulumi, you can [s cli fc-default set deploy-type pulumi] to switch.
[2021-10-30T21:18:16.827] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Service web-springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:17.105] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Setting role: AliyunFCDefaultRole
[2021-10-30T21:18:17.152] [INFO ] [RAM] - Checking Role AliyunFCDefaultRole exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:17.447] [INFO ] [RAM] - Updating role: AliyunFCDefaultRole
[2021-10-30T21:18:17.561] [INFO ] [RAM] - Checking Plicy AliyunFCDefaultRolePolicy exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:17.721] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using logConfig: auto: fc will try to generate default sls project
[2021-10-30T21:18:17.892] [INFO ] [SLS] - Checking Project 1831277402525713-cn-hangzhou-logproject exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:18.122] [INFO ] [SLS] - Checking Logstore 1831277402525713-cn-hangzhou-logproject/fc-service-web-springboot-logstore exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:20.170] [INFO ] [SLS] - Checking Logstore index 1831277402525713-cn-hangzhou-logproject/fc-service-web-springboot-logstore exists
📎 Using fc deploy type: sdk, If you want to deploy with pulumi, you can [s cli fc-default set deploy-type pulumi] to switch.
[2021-10-30T21:18:20.233] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Generated logConfig:
enableInstanceMetrics: true
enableRequestMetrics: true
logBeginRule: ~
logstore: fc-service-web-springboot-logstore
project: 1831277402525713-cn-hangzhou-logproject
[2021-10-30T21:18:20.234] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using vpcConfig: auto: fc will try to generate related vpc resources automatically
[2021-10-30T21:18:20.976] [INFO ] [VPC] - Getting vpc: fc-deploy-component-generated-vpc-cn-hangzhou
[2021-10-30T21:18:21.157] [INFO ] [VPC] - Getting vswitch: fc-deploy-component-generated-vswitch-cn-hangzhou
[2021-10-30T21:18:21.272] [INFO ] [VPC] - Getting securityGroup: fc-deploy-component-generated-securityGroup-cn-hangzhou
[2021-10-30T21:18:21.439] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Generated vpcConfig:
securityGroupId: sg-bp16mj0j92jm506ind4g
vSwitchId: vsw-bp12p47aa34uzgsu7wic2
vpcId: vpc-bp1o9ew2j2mkrr8v5l3jz
[2021-10-30T21:18:21.440] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using nasConfig: auto: fc will try to generate related nas file system automatically
[2021-10-30T21:18:22.259] [INFO ] [FC-NAS] - Creating NasFileSystem: Alibaba-FcDeployComponent-DefaultNas-cn-hangzhou
[2021-10-30T21:18:22.566] [INFO ] [FC-NAS] - Creating MountTarget: 0cb1c4b180
[2021-10-30T21:18:25.241] [INFO ] [FC-NAS] - Nas mount target domain already created, waiting for status to be 'Active', now is Pending
[2021-10-30T21:18:27.505] [INFO ] [FC-NAS] - Nas mount target domain already created, waiting for status to be 'Active', now is Pending
[2021-10-30T21:18:29.736] [INFO ] [FC-NAS] - Nas mount target domain already created, waiting for status to be 'Active', now is Pending
[2021-10-30T21:18:31.853] [INFO ] [FC-NAS] - Nas mount target domain already created, waiting for status to be 'Active', now is Active
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.091] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using region: cn-hangzhou
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.091] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using access alias: default
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.091] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using accessKeyID: *********** Udxi
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.091] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using accessKeySecret: *********** 1BwC
📎 Using fc deploy type: sdk, If you want to deploy with pulumi, you can [s cli fc-default set deploy-type pulumi] to switch.
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.106] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Service _FC_NAS_web-springboot-ensure-nas-dir-exist-service exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.178] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Setting role: AliyunFCDefaultRole
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.184] [INFO ] [RAM] - Checking Role AliyunFCDefaultRole exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.367] [INFO ] [RAM] - Updating role: AliyunFCDefaultRole
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.468] [INFO ] [RAM] - Checking Plicy AliyunFCDefaultRolePolicy exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:32.602] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Function nas_dir_checker exists
✔ Make service _FC_NAS_web-springboot-ensure-nas-dir-exist-service success.
✔ Make function _FC_NAS_web-springboot-ensure-nas-dir-exist-service/nas_dir_checker success.
[2021-10-30T21:18:35.575] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Service _FC_NAS_web-springboot-ensure-nas-dir-exist-service exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:35.660] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Function nas_dir_checker exists
There is auto config in the service: _FC_NAS_web-springboot-ensure-nas-dir-exist-service
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.438] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using region: cn-hangzhou
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.439] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using access alias: default
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.439] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using accessKeyID: *********** Udxi
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.439] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using accessKeySecret: *********** 1BwC
📎 Using fc deploy type: sdk, If you want to deploy with pulumi, you can [s cli fc-default set deploy-type pulumi] to switch.
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.454] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Service _FC_NAS_web-springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.527] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Setting role: AliyunFCDefaultRole
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.533] [INFO ] [RAM] - Checking Role AliyunFCDefaultRole exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.774] [INFO ] [RAM] - Updating role: AliyunFCDefaultRole
[2021-10-30T21:18:43.881] [INFO ] [RAM] - Checking Plicy AliyunFCDefaultRolePolicy exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:44.044] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Function nas_dir_checker exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:44.120] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Trigger httpTrigger exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:44.192] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Trigger httpTrigger exists
✔ Make service _FC_NAS_web-springboot success.
✔ Make function _FC_NAS_web-springboot/nas_dir_checker success.
✔ Make trigger _FC_NAS_web-springboot/nas_dir_checker/httpTrigger success.
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.007] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Service _FC_NAS_web-springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.078] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Function nas_dir_checker exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.206] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Trigger httpTrigger exists
There is auto config in the service: _FC_NAS_web-springboot
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.389] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Generated nasConfig:
groupId: 10003
mountPoints:
- fcDir: /mnt/auto
nasDir: /web-springboot
serverAddr: 0cb1c4b180-ulm3.cn-hangzhou.nas.aliyuncs.com
userId: 10003
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.391] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Function springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.504] [WARN ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Image registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/web-framework/java11:0.0.1 dose not exist locally.
Maybe you need to run 's build' first if it dose not exist remotely.
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.506] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Trigger web-springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:47.576] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Trigger web-springboot exists
✔ Make service web-springboot success.
✔ Make function web-springboot/springboot success.
✔ Make trigger web-springboot/springboot/web-springboot success.
[2021-10-30T21:18:49.288] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Service web-springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:49.359] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Function springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:49.485] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Checking Trigger web-springboot exists
[2021-10-30T21:18:49.669] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Using customDomain: auto: fc will try to generate related custom domain resources automatically
✔ devsapp_domain.zip file decompression completed
✔ End of request
✔ Deployed.
✔ End of request
[2021-10-30T21:18:57.618] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Generated auto custom domain: springboot.web-springboot.1831277402525713.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net
[2021-10-30T21:18:57.619] [INFO ] [FC-DEPLOY] - Creating custom domain: springboot.web-springboot.1831277402525713.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net
✔ devsapp_fc-domain.zip file decompression completed
[2021-10-30T21:18:58.878] [INFO ] [FC-DOMAIN] - Creating custom domain: springboot.web-springboot.1831277402525713.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net
There is auto config in the service: web-springboot
Tips for next step
======================
* Display information of the deployed resource: s info
* Display metrics: s metrics
* Display logs: s logs
* Invoke remote function : s invoke
* Remove Service: s remove service
* Remove Function: s remove function
* Remove Trigger: s remove trigger
* Remove CustomDomain: s remove domain
Reminder nas upload instruction: upload ./code/target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar /mnt/auto/springboot/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
Tips for next step
======================
* Invoke remote function : s invoke
✔ Upload done
Tips for next step
======================
* Invoke remote function : s invoke
✔ Try container acceleration
springboot:
region: cn-hangzhou
serviceName: web-springboot
functionName: springboot
customDomains:
- http://springboot.web-springboot.1831277402525713.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net
在浏览器中访问临时域名http://springboot.web-springboot.1831277402525713.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net
,可以看到已经部署成功了。
2.2.4 自定义域名
首先在阿里云函数计算控制台点击【域名管理】添加自定义域名。
输入域名,选择服务名称,函数名称,版本,点击确定。注意需要提前将域名备案并解析到页面的CNAME上。
配置成功后就可以再浏览器中输入自定义域名验证是否配置成功。
3. 总结
本文介绍了Serverless是什么,解决了什么问题以及通过Serverless Devs如何快速在阿里云函数计算平台上部署SpringBoot应用。