WebFlux的自动装配

根据之前的经验,咱使用WebFlux的时候,主启动类上相对比于WebMvc来讲没有任何区别,那只有自动配置类可以控制WebFlux的装配了,那装配的自动配置类不难猜想应该是:WebFluxAutoConfiguration

1. WebFluxAutoConfiguration

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.REACTIVE)
@ConditionalOnClass(WebFluxConfigurer.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ WebFluxConfigurationSupport.class })
@AutoConfigureAfter({ ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class, CodecsAutoConfiguration.class,
                     ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
                     @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
                     public class WebFluxAutoConfiguration

可以发现它跟 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 几乎没什么太大的区别:

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
                     @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
                     @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
                     @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
                                          ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
                                          public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration

只不过判断条件不太一样而已,WebFlux 需要判断的应用类型为 REACTIVE ,而 WebMvc 为 SERVLET ;WebFlux 需要判断classpath下是否有 WebFluxConfigurer 类,而 WebMvc 需要的是 ServletDispatcherServletWebMvcConfigurer 三个类。

根据之前读 WebMvc 的自动配置,肯定要先走进 ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration ,看一眼嵌入式容器的配置。

2. ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(ReactiveHttpInputMessage.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.REACTIVE)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
         ReactiveWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
         ReactiveWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
         ReactiveWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class,
         ReactiveWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedNetty.class })
public class ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration

果不其然,它会导入嵌入式容器工厂的配置类。由于在默认情况下,导入 spring-boot-starter-webflux ,默认使用 Netty 作为嵌入式容器,故此处 EmbeddedNetty 生效,生效的原因与之前 WebMvc 原理一致,不再赘述。

看一眼 EmbeddedNetty 都干了什么:

2.1 EmbeddedNetty

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(ReactiveWebServerFactory.class)
@ConditionalOnClass({ HttpServer.class })
static class EmbeddedNetty {

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public ReactorResourceFactory reactorServerResourceFactory() {
        return new ReactorResourceFactory();
    }

    @Bean
    public NettyReactiveWebServerFactory nettyReactiveWebServerFactory(ReactorResourceFactory resourceFactory) {
        NettyReactiveWebServerFactory serverFactory = new NettyReactiveWebServerFactory();
        serverFactory.setResourceFactory(resourceFactory);
        return serverFactory;
    }

}

很明显它创建了一个 ReactorResourceFactory ,一个 NettyReactiveWebServerFactoryNettyReactiveWebServerFactory 从命名上看就知道它应该是类比于 WebMvc 中的 TomcatServletWebServerFactory ,那 ReactorResourceFactory 是什么呢?

2.2 ReactorResourceFactory

它的文档注释原文翻译:

Factory to manage Reactor Netty resources, i.e. LoopResources for event loop threads, and ConnectionProvider for the connection pool, within the lifecycle of a Spring ApplicationContext. This factory implements InitializingBean and DisposableBean and is expected typically to be declared as a Spring-managed bean.

在Spring ApplicationContext 的生命周期内,用于管理Reactor Netty资源的工厂,即用于事件循环线程的 LoopResources 和用于连接池的 ConnectionProvider

该工厂实现 InitializingBeanDisposableBean,通常应将其声明为Spring管理的Bean。

划重点:管理Reactor Netty资源的工厂,这个说法怎么感觉跟线程池似的?而且后面还有循环、连接池的概念,难不成它就类比于jdbc中的 DataSource?往里看它的成员:

public class ReactorResourceFactory implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
    private boolean useGlobalResources = true;
    private Consumer<HttpResources> globalResourcesConsumer;
    private Supplier<ConnectionProvider> connectionProviderSupplier = () -> ConnectionProvider.elastic("webflux");
    private Supplier<LoopResources> loopResourcesSupplier = () -> LoopResources.create("webflux-http");
    // ......

注意第三个属性:connectionProviderSupplier ,它的创建方式是 ConnectionProvider.elastic ,突然感觉眼熟:前面看调度器的时候,对于 Reactor 的线程池就有一种 elastic 类型的!莫非它确实就是管理 ConnectionProvider 的?点开 ConnectionProvider 的 elastic 方法:

static ConnectionProvider elastic(String name) {
    return new PooledConnectionProvider(name,
                                        (bootstrap, handler, checker) -> new SimpleChannelPool(bootstrap,
                                                                                               handler, checker, true, false));

果然它就是一个连接的提供者,而且它还是 Pool ,换句话说,咱就可以简单的理解成它是 Reactor Netty 的连接池

实际Debug了一下,发现确实与咱的推测基本贴合:

果然有关于池的好多属性,而且下面有 selectworker 的概念,这就是 Netty 的核心。(12是因为我用的笔记本CPU是i7-8750H,6核12线程,所以这里是12)


ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration 看完之后,回到 WebFluxAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, CodecsAutoConfiguration.class,
                     ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
    public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration

它除了还要先处理 ValidationAutoConfigurationJSR-303校验之外,还要先处理一个 CodecsAutoConfiguration

3. CodecsAutoConfiguration

可以发现这里面只是注册了一个 json 转换器,以及日志工具。源码很简单,不过多解析。

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(CodecConfigurer.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(JacksonAutoConfiguration.class)
public class CodecsAutoConfiguration {

    private static final MimeType[] EMPTY_MIME_TYPES = {};

    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass(ObjectMapper.class)
    static class JacksonCodecConfiguration {

        @Bean
        @Order(0)
        @ConditionalOnBean(ObjectMapper.class)
        public CodecCustomizer jacksonCodecCustomizer(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
            return (configurer) -> {
                CodecConfigurer.DefaultCodecs defaults = configurer.defaultCodecs();
                defaults.jackson2JsonDecoder(new Jackson2JsonDecoder(objectMapper, EMPTY_MIME_TYPES));
                defaults.jackson2JsonEncoder(new Jackson2JsonEncoder(objectMapper, EMPTY_MIME_TYPES));
            };
        }

    }

    @Configuration
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpProperties.class)
    static class LoggingCodecConfiguration {

        @Bean
        @Order(0)
        public CodecCustomizer loggingCodecCustomizer(HttpProperties properties) {
            return (configurer) -> configurer.defaultCodecs()
                .enableLoggingRequestDetails(properties.isLogRequestDetails());
        }

    }

}

接下来才是最核心的 WebFluxAutoConfiguration 。源码中它定义了三个内部类,咱一个一个来看:

4. WebFluxConfig

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ ResourceProperties.class, WebFluxProperties.class })
@Import({ EnableWebFluxConfiguration.class })
public static class WebFluxConfig implements WebFluxConfigurer

可以看到它又导入了一个 EnableWebFluxConfiguration ,而它就是下面第5章节的 EnableWebFluxConfiguration ,咱从上往下一样一样看。先看 WebFluxConfig 中的配置:

4.1 静态资源映射

public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
        logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
        return;
    }
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
        ResourceHandlerRegistration registration = registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
            .addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
        configureResourceCaching(registration);
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registration);
    }
    String staticPathPattern = this.webFluxProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
        ResourceHandlerRegistration registration = registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
            .addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
        configureResourceCaching(registration);
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registration);
    }
}

可以发现它处理的逻辑几乎跟 WebMvc 部分一致!也是处理 webjars 的资源,以及 ResourceProperties 中的静态路径,默认情况下:

public class ResourceProperties {
    private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
                                                                  "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
    private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;

发现也是跟 WebMvc 部分一样的路径。

4.2 ViewResolver

public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) {
    this.viewResolvers.orderedStream().forEach(registry::viewResolver);
}

可以发现这部分是配置 ViewResolver 的,不过默认情况下Debug发现并没有进入 ViewResolverRegistryregistry 方法中,暂且略过。

4.3 Converter和Formatter

public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
    for (Converter<?, ?> converter : getBeansOfType(Converter.class)) {
        registry.addConverter(converter);
    }
    for (GenericConverter converter : getBeansOfType(GenericConverter.class)) {
        registry.addConverter(converter);
    }
    for (Formatter<?> formatter : getBeansOfType(Formatter.class)) {
        registry.addFormatter(formatter);
    }
}

这部分在 WebMvc 部分也是一模一样的,直接copy过来的!(不过这部分不是特别关键,而且之前也没有单独拿出来聊,小伙伴们知道这里是配置转换器的即可)

大概来看 WebFluxConfig 主要就配置了这几个组件,继续往下看:

5. EnableWebFluxConfiguration

先看一眼继承:

@Configuration
public static class EnableWebFluxConfiguration extends DelegatingWebFluxConfiguration

它继承了 DelegatingWebFluxConfiguration ,这个套路貌似跟 WebMvc 部分也是一样的!

@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware

至于这些 Delegating***Configuration 的作用咱之前也提到过,它就是 @EnableWebMvc 或者 @EnableWebFlux 注解导入的配置类:

@Import(DelegatingWebFluxConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebFlux

它的作用小伙伴们还记得吗?只要在 SpringBoot 中标注了这样的注解,代表 SpringBoot 默认的自动配置类不生效,改由咱们自己接管配置 WebMvc 或者 WebFlux 。

下面来看它里面配置的组件:

5.1 FormattingConversionService

@Bean
public FormattingConversionService webFluxConversionService() {
    WebConversionService conversionService = new WebConversionService(this.webFluxProperties.getDateFormat());
    addFormatters(conversionService);
    return conversionService;
}

看这个类的名,大概也能联想到之前看 WebMvc 部分的那个参数类型转换器吧!而且代码几乎也一模一样。

5.2 Validator

@Bean
public Validator webFluxValidator() {
    if (!ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.validation.Validator", getClass().getClassLoader())) {
        return super.webFluxValidator();
    }
    return ValidatorAdapter.get(getApplicationContext(), getValidator());
}

很明显它是配置 JSR-303 参数校验的校验器。

5.3 HandlerMapping和HandlerAdapter

protected RequestMappingHandlerAdapter createRequestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
    if (this.webFluxRegistrations != null
        && this.webFluxRegistrations.getRequestMappingHandlerAdapter() != null) {
        return this.webFluxRegistrations.getRequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
    }
    return super.createRequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
}

protected RequestMappingHandlerMapping createRequestMappingHandlerMapping() {
    if (this.webFluxRegistrations != null
        && this.webFluxRegistrations.getRequestMappingHandlerMapping() != null) {
        return this.webFluxRegistrations.getRequestMappingHandlerMapping();
    }
    return super.createRequestMappingHandlerMapping();
}

哇塞这不是咱之前在 WebMvc 部分常聊的两个配合 DispatcherServlet 的核心组件吗?对的,它在 WebFlux 中也是一样的其效果。

6. WebFluxConfigurationSupport

上面咱注意到了 EnableWebFluxConfiguration 继承了 DelegatingWebFluxConfiguration,而它又继承了 WebFluxConfigurationSupport ,这个配置类中还注册了一些组件:

6.1 DispatcherHandler

@Bean
public DispatcherHandler webHandler() {
    return new DispatcherHandler();
}

发现了 WebFlux 的核心前端控制器:**DispatcherHandler** ,它在这里注册了,而且比 DispatcherServlet 简单的多。

6.2 WebExceptionHandler

@Bean
@Order(0)
public WebExceptionHandler responseStatusExceptionHandler() {
    return new WebFluxResponseStatusExceptionHandler();
}

WebFlux 的异常状态响应处理器,见名知意,不再深扒。

6.3 RequestMappingHandlerMapping

@Bean
public RequestMappingHandlerMapping requestMappingHandlerMapping() {
    RequestMappingHandlerMapping mapping = createRequestMappingHandlerMapping();
    mapping.setOrder(0);
    mapping.setContentTypeResolver(webFluxContentTypeResolver());
    mapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());

    PathMatchConfigurer configurer = getPathMatchConfigurer();
    Boolean useTrailingSlashMatch = configurer.isUseTrailingSlashMatch();
    if (useTrailingSlashMatch != null) {
        mapping.setUseTrailingSlashMatch(useTrailingSlashMatch);
    }
    Boolean useCaseSensitiveMatch = configurer.isUseCaseSensitiveMatch();
    if (useCaseSensitiveMatch != null) {
        mapping.setUseCaseSensitiveMatch(useCaseSensitiveMatch);
    }
    Map<String, Predicate<Class<?>>> pathPrefixes = configurer.getPathPrefixes();
    if (pathPrefixes != null) {
        mapping.setPathPrefixes(pathPrefixes);
    }

    return mapping;
}

可以发现这里真正创建了 RequestMappingHandlerMapping 组件。

6.4 RouterFunctionMapping

@Bean
public RouterFunctionMapping routerFunctionMapping() {
    RouterFunctionMapping mapping = createRouterFunctionMapping();
    mapping.setOrder(-1); // go before RequestMappingHandlerMapping
    mapping.setMessageReaders(serverCodecConfigurer().getReaders());
    mapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());

    return mapping;
}

RequestMappingHandlerMapping 区别开来,它是函数式端点路由编程的Mapping处理器。至于它的作用,咱到第33篇再聊。

6.5 SimpleUrlHandlerMapping

@Bean
public HandlerMapping resourceHandlerMapping() {
    ResourceLoader resourceLoader = this.applicationContext;
    if (resourceLoader == null) {
        resourceLoader = new DefaultResourceLoader();
    }
    ResourceHandlerRegistry registry = new ResourceHandlerRegistry(resourceLoader);
    registry.setResourceUrlProvider(resourceUrlProvider());
    addResourceHandlers(registry);

    AbstractHandlerMapping handlerMapping = registry.getHandlerMapping();
    if (handlerMapping != null) {
        PathMatchConfigurer configurer = getPathMatchConfigurer();
        Boolean useTrailingSlashMatch = configurer.isUseTrailingSlashMatch();
        Boolean useCaseSensitiveMatch = configurer.isUseCaseSensitiveMatch();
        if (useTrailingSlashMatch != null) {
            handlerMapping.setUseTrailingSlashMatch(useTrailingSlashMatch);
        }
        if (useCaseSensitiveMatch != null) {
            handlerMapping.setUseCaseSensitiveMatch(useCaseSensitiveMatch);
        }
    }
    else {
        handlerMapping = new EmptyHandlerMapping();
    }
    return handlerMapping;
}

注意看源码中第一个if结构下面,它用了一个 ResourceHandlerRegistry ,有没有感觉似曾相识?咱在前面看静态资源映射的时候见过它,它是处理静态资源的映射的。通常情况下咱的项目中会有一些静态资源,只要存在静态资源,它就会创建一个 SimpleUrlHandlerMapping 来真正处理静态资源的路径映射。通过Debug,发现确实存在(因为有应用图标 favicon.ico):

6.6 RequestMappingHandlerAdapter

@Bean
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
    RequestMappingHandlerAdapter adapter = createRequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
    adapter.setMessageReaders(serverCodecConfigurer().getReaders());
    adapter.setWebBindingInitializer(getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer());
    adapter.setReactiveAdapterRegistry(webFluxAdapterRegistry());

    ArgumentResolverConfigurer configurer = new ArgumentResolverConfigurer();
    configureArgumentResolvers(configurer);
    adapter.setArgumentResolverConfigurer(configurer);

    return adapter;
}

这里真正创建了 RequestMappingHandlerAdapter

6.7 LocaleContextResolver

@Bean
public LocaleContextResolver localeContextResolver() {
    return createLocaleContextResolver();
}

这个 LocaleContextResolver 组件从类名上就可以看出来它是与国际化相关的组件。

6.8 ReactiveAdapterRegistry

@Bean
public ReactiveAdapterRegistry webFluxAdapterRegistry() {
    return new ReactiveAdapterRegistry();
}

这个 ReactiveAdapterRegistry 类看上去应该是处理 Reactive 类型的,看一眼它的文档注释:

A registry of adapters to adapt Reactive Streams Publisher to/from various async/reactive types such as CompletableFuture, RxJava Observable, and others. By default, depending on classpath availability, adapters are registered for Reactor, RxJava 1, RxJava 2 types, CompletableFuture, and Java 9+ Flow.Publisher.

适配器注册表,用于使Reactive Streams Publisher适应各种异步/反应类型,例如CompletableFuture,RxJava Observable等。 默认情况下,根据类路径的可用性,为Reactor,RxJava 1,RxJava 2类型,CompletableFuture和Java 9+ Flow.Publisher注册适配器。

果然,它可以处理多种 Reactive Stream 的发布器,它提到了 Reactor 、RxJava 、jdk9版本的 Flow 等。

6.9 一组ResultHandler

@Bean // 处理HttpEntity和ResponseEntity
public ResponseEntityResultHandler responseEntityResultHandler() {
    return new ResponseEntityResultHandler(serverCodecConfigurer().getWriters(),
                                           webFluxContentTypeResolver(), webFluxAdapterRegistry());
}

@Bean // 处理@ResponseBody类型的
public ResponseBodyResultHandler responseBodyResultHandler() {
    return new ResponseBodyResultHandler(serverCodecConfigurer().getWriters(),
                                         webFluxContentTypeResolver(), webFluxAdapterRegistry());
}

@Bean // 返回视图类型
public ViewResolutionResultHandler viewResolutionResultHandler() {
    ViewResolverRegistry registry = getViewResolverRegistry();
    List<ViewResolver> resolvers = registry.getViewResolvers();
    ViewResolutionResultHandler handler = new ViewResolutionResultHandler(
        resolvers, webFluxContentTypeResolver(), webFluxAdapterRegistry());
    handler.setDefaultViews(registry.getDefaultViews());
    handler.setOrder(registry.getOrder());
    return handler;
}

@Bean // 处理返回值类型为ServerResponse
public ServerResponseResultHandler serverResponseResultHandler() {
    List<ViewResolver> resolvers = getViewResolverRegistry().getViewResolvers();
    ServerResponseResultHandler handler = new ServerResponseResultHandler();
    handler.setMessageWriters(serverCodecConfigurer().getWriters());
    handler.setViewResolvers(resolvers);
    return handler;
}

WebFlux 提供了4种 ResultHandler ,每种功能已标注在源码中。

7. ResourceChainCustomizerConfiguration

在最底下还有一个,不过它的配置很简单:

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnEnabledResourceChain
static class ResourceChainCustomizerConfiguration {
    @Bean
    public ResourceChainResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer() {
        return new ResourceChainResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer();
    }
}

发现它有一个 @ConditionalOnEnableResourceChain 注解,它的作用咱不深追究了,它实际是跟一个 application.properties 中的配置有关:spring.resources.chain.strategy.fixed.enabled ,如果它配置为true,这个条件才生效,默认不生效,不再深究。

8. 小结

  1. WebFluxAutoConfiguration 的配置整体与 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 非常相似,其中不乏包括几个核心组件。

  2. WebFluxAutoConfiguration 默认配置的Web容器是Netty而非 Tomcat 等传统 Servlet 容器。

  3. 大部分比较熟悉的组件都在 DelegatingWebFluxConfiguration 的父类 WebFluxConfigurationSupport 中注册。

最后更新于